The Wooden Asherah Pole

NIV  Deuteronomy 16:21 

Do not set up any wooden Asherah pole next to the altar you will build for the LORD your God.

Drawings on Pithos A from Kuntillet ‘Ajrud, late ninth–early eighth century BCE

Why is this ponderable?

Whether we know him as Yahweh, Allah or God, the people of the great Abrahamic religions, are agreed: There is only one of Him. So, how do we account for the wooden Asherah pole or tree traditionally placed next to alters dedicated to Yahweh by the Jews that settled in the ancient Canaanite city of Ugarit. Ancient texts, amulets and figurines unearthed primarily in the ancient city indicate that Asherah was worshiped as a powerful fertility goddess right along with Yahweh.  

Asherah's connection to Yahweh, is spelled out in both the Bible and an 8th-century B.C. inscription on pottery found in the Sinai desert at a site called Kuntillet Ajrud.

The inscription is a petition for a blessing. Crucially, the inscription asks for a blessing from 'Yahweh and his Asherah.' In those times, Yahweh and Asherah were viewed as a divine pair. 

Why do most passages in the Hebrew Bible seem to refer to an object rather than a deity?

In the ancient Near East it was common for deities to be represented by objects (i.e., a cult symbol). These objects were a physical manifestation of the deity and enabled the people to worship the deity in effigy. Asherah’s cult symbol was a living tree or a consecrated wooden pole.

The vast majority of references to Asherah in the Hebrew Bible are found in the Deuteronomistic History (Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings), and one of the most important themes in these books is the rejection of other gods. One way the author(s) of the Deuteronomistic History could demean Asherah is by referring to her cult symbol rather than her name, thereby transforming her from a goddess to an object that could be discarded.

In the Deuteronomistic History, kings were often evaluated by how they responded to Asherah worship, which was apparently widespread among the Israelites. Evil kings, such as Jeroboam and Rehoboam, fostered Asherah worship (1Kgs 14:15, 1Kgs 14:23), and Ahab and Jezebel officially endorsed and promoted her cult (1Kgs 18:19). Yet, good kings, such as Asa, Josiah, Jehoshaphat, and Hezekiah (also Gideon the judge) attempted to eradicate Asherah worship (e.g., Judg 6:25-30, 1Kgs 15:13, 2Kgs 21:7). Despite these efforts, Israelites remained devoted to Asherah (Isa 27:9, Jer 17:1, Mic 5:14), which indicates that the beliefs expressed in the Deuteronomistic History are not the ones that governed popular practice.

 

 

Not Peace, but a Sword

 

  NLT Matthew 10:34

 “Don’t imagine that I came to bring peace to the earth! I came not to bring peace, but a sword

Photo by Gioele Fazzeri on Unsplash

Why is this ponderable?

I came, not to bring peace, but a sword. By the "sword" may be meant the Gospel, which is the means of dividing and separating the people of Christ from the men of the world, and from their principles and practices. Over time, the belief in the Gospel will pit family members against each other. It will be the cause of divisions, discords, and persecutions. That clearly was not the intention and design of Christ. He did not come into the world to foment and encourage such things. Instead, it was the malice and wickedness of men who rejected him and his Gospel. If, as the apostles wished, he had blunted out all the malice and wickedness in the world, that would have also negated free will and each soul's choice to choose its own destiny. 

In this respect, God dispenses both Justice and Mercy in the same fiat. The Mercy comes in the form of a way out of the hell that malice and wickedness have created on earth. The Justice comes in the form of the hell on earth these people have created for themselves. Both souls have a place waiting for them when they part from the earth. The followers will find themselves in the abode Jesus has prepared for them, where they will dwell in peace and love forever. Those who rejected Jesus will find themselves in an abode not too different from their fate on the earth. They will share everlasting darkness, malice, and resentment against each other with no way out.

We, Though Many, Are One Body

ESV Romans 12: 4-8

 For as in one body we have many members,^[e] and the members do not all have the same function, ⁵ so we, though many, are one body in Christ, and individually members one of another. ⁶ Having gifts that differ according to the grace given to us, let us use them: if prophecy, in proportion to our faith; ⁷ if service, in our serving; the one who teaches, in his teaching; ⁸ the one who exhorts, in his exhortation; the one who contributes, in generosity; the one who leads,^[f] with zeal; the one who does acts of mercy, with cheerfulness.

Why is this ponderable?

It almost seems like Paul had a vision of the World Wide Web in this message. Although he relates this corporal unity to Christ's body, he is describing the Global Village emerging in the 21st Century.

Sheep Dogs

 

NLV Job 30:1-2

But now those who are younger than I make fun of me. I thought so little of their fathers that I did not want them with my sheep dogs.

Why is this ponderable?

 In the art of the Middle Ages dogs are presented as the symbols of fidelity and protection. Also, the Bible says that all our sins can be healed after we confess them, which is represented by a dog who is licking our wounds in order to cure them.

The Dog spirit animal is a powerful symbol of unconditional love, loyalty, and protection. To understand what they symbolize, we must look into dogs in art history. The dog symbolism in art is related to safeguarding, devotion, fidelity, and strong faith.

Everyone loves dogs—don’t they? Dogs—or celeb in Hebrew—are humanity’s best friends. We welcome them into our homes, we walk them, feed them, clean up after them and excuse their bad behavior. But in ancient Israel, people had an entirely different view of dogs.

Of the more than 400 breeds of dogs around today, all came from the same ancestor—ancient wolves. Dogs were first domesticated perhaps as far back as 12,000 years ago. Because dogs are the only animals with the ability to bark, they became useful for hunting and herding. Dogs in the Bible were used for these purposes (Isaiah 56:11; Job 30:1).

There is evidence in the Bible that physical violence toward dogs was considered acceptable (1 Samuel 17:43; Proverbs 26:17). To compare a human to a dog or to call them a dog was to imply that they were of very low status (2 Kings 8:13; Exodus 22:31; Deuteronomy 23:18; 2 Samuel 3:8; Proverbs 26:11; Ecclesiastes 9:4; 2 Samuel 9:8; 1 Samuel 24:14). In the New Testament, calling a human a dog meant that the person was considered evil (Philemon 3:2; Revelation 22:15).

Everyone loves dogs—don’t they? Dogs—or celeb in Hebrew—are humanity’s best friends. We welcome them into our homes, we walk them, feed them, clean up after them and excuse their bad behavior. But in ancient Israel, people had an entirely different view of dogs.

Of the more than 400 breeds of dogs around today, all came from the same ancestor—ancient wolves. Dogs were first domesticated perhaps as far back as 12,000 years ago. Because dogs are the only animals with the ability to bark, they became useful for hunting and herding. Dogs in the Bible were used for these purposes (Isaiah 56:11; Job 30:1).

There is evidence in the Bible that physical violence toward dogs was considered acceptable (1 Samuel 17:43; Proverbs 26:17). To compare a human to a dog or to call them a dog was to imply that they were of very low status (2 Kings 8:13; Exodus 22:31; Deuteronomy 23:18; 2 Samuel 3:8; Proverbs 26:11; Ecclesiastes 9:4; 2 Samuel 9:8; 1 Samuel 24:14). In the New Testament, calling a human a dog meant that the person was considered evil (Philemon 3:2; Revelation 22:15).

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Some scholars hypothesize that the negative feelings expressed in the ancient Near East toward dogs was because in those days, dogs often ran wild and usually in packs. Dogs in the Bible exhibited predatory behavior in their quest for survival, which included the eating of dead bodies (1 Kings 14:11; 16:4; 21:19, 23-24; 22:38; 2 Kings 9:10, 36; 1 Kings 21:23).

There is archaeological evidence, such as figurines, pictures and even collars, that demonstrates that Israel’s neighbors kept dogs as pets, but from the skeletal remains found within the Levant, the domestication of dogs did not happen until the Persian and Hellenistic periods within Israel.

The word for dog in Hebrew is celeb, from which the name Caleb derives. Due to the negative attribution of dogs for the ancient Israelites, it is surprising that one of the great Hebrew spies bears this name. As the Israelites were preparing to enter the land of Canaan, Moses called a chieftain from each tribe to go before them and scout the land. Caleb was the representative of the tribe of Judah. When these spies returned, they reported that the land surpassed expectation but that the people who live there would be mighty foes. The Israelites did not want to go and face the peoples of Canaan, but Caleb stepped forward and urged them to proceed. After more exhortation from Moses, Aaron and Joshua, the people relented. Caleb was rewarded for his faith: Joshua gave him Hebron as an inheritance (Numbers 14:24; Joshua 14:14).

 

 

 

 

They Shall Inherit the Earth

 

NIV Matthew 5:5 

 Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth.

 

 

NIV Isaiah 29:19-21

Once more the humble will rejoice in the Lord; the needy will rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.
The ruthless will vanish, the mockers will disappear, and all who have an eye for evil will be cut down—those who with a word make someone out to be guilty, who ensnare the defender in court  and with false testimony deprive the innocent of justice.

Why is this ponderable?

When we hear the word inheritance today we think about riches from the estates of billionaires. So, taken out of context, it is easy to imagine ourselves possessing the symbols of wealth. But, that is not what Jesus or Isaiah had in mind when they proclaimed this message. 

Photo by Nate Johnston on Unsplash

 

 When we look at the earth as it is, we see humanity immersed in disease, anger, greed, violence, and abject poverty. From this perspective, any meek and humble person would not want this inheritance--especially if this were to be an eternal abode. So let's read between the lines and discern what both Jesus and Isaiah have in mind. 

Remember that most proclamations from Jesus are based on Old Testament scripture. In this case, it is based on the vision of a "new earth" presented by Isaiah. On this new earth,
the ruthless will be gone, the mockers will be gone, and all who have an eye for evil will be purged. The innocent will have justice and peace. It will be heaven on earth; quite suitable for an eternal abode. 

But, hold on!  Why is this new life limited to the meek and humble? Why won't it be available to the proud and boisterous?  

To understand the meaning of this beatitude, we need to place it in the context of the other seven beatitudes.

• Blessed are the poor in spirit,  
• Blessed are those who mourn,  
• Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness,   
• Blessed are the merciful,  
• Blessed are the pure in heart,  
• Blessed are the peacemakers,
• Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness

 Now, imagine a world in which every living person exhibited these qualities and none of those that tend to make our life a hell on earth. That is the vision that Jesus holds out for those who believe in him.

    

Peter's Mother-in-Law

 

NLT Luke 4:38-39

³⁸ After leaving the synagogue that day, Jesus went to Simon’s home, where he found Simon’s mother-in-law very sick with a high fever. “Please heal her,” everyone begged. ³⁹ Standing at her bedside, he rebuked the fever, and it left her. And she got up at once and prepared a meal for them.

Why is this ponderable?

The Bible provides few insights about the families of Jesus' disciples. Yet, this single reference to the home life of Peter gives us much to ponder. 

• If Peter had a mother-in-law living in his home, was his wife still alive?
• Was this Peter's house or was he a guest in her home?
• Was this house the home base of Jesus and his 12 disciples whenever they returned from preaching?
• Who were the ones begging Jesus to heal her, and why were they so concerned about her health? Were they stragglers who had followed Jesus to the house seeking a free meal or were they members of Peter's extended family who were normally fed by the ailing mother-in-law? 
• What about Peter’s wife? She is nowhere mentioned. Leaving her out of the story is strange. It is not the way a writer would be expected to handle the incident, since a daughter usually is the one most frantic about a mother’s condition. 

To figure this out, we need to keep in mind why both Luke and Matthew have included it in their Gospel accounts. 

The authors of these two Gospels had a common purpose. They wanted to proclaim the Good News of salvation that comes from faith in Jesus Christ. In order to get this message across to people who never heard Jesus speak in person nor witness his miracles, they had to capture their attention. Citing dogma and theological dissertations would have been akin to a football coach merely exhorting his team to get a good night's sleep the night before the big game. 

So they often led the News with Human Interest stories that their readers could quickly grasp. What married man of that era did not have a mother-in-law? Many were recent widows who were taken in by sons because women did not inherit property and the concept of a Welfare State was unknown. Usually these widows reciprocated by taking on cooking and child care tasks. This "extended family" model survived well into the 20th Century, so these insights of everyday life in the time of Jesus  remained an attention grabber in our times. 

 

Clean and Unclean Food

 

NIV Leviticus 11:46-47

These are the regulations concerning animals, birds, every living thing that moves about in the water and every creature that moves along the ground. You must distinguish between the unclean and the clean, between living creatures that may be eaten and those that may not be eaten.’”

Photo by Gor Davtyan on Unsplash

 

 Why is this passage ponderable?

Depending on how you interpret Old Testament scripture,  you may come away from this passage wondering what God knew about human nutrition that He did not disclose to Moses and Aaron when he dictated the dietary laws in Leviticus 11. This is especially ponderable because these laws are very specific. To people living in food rich countries like the USA, these laws are mostly inconvenient. But to people living in drought stricken countries, any food that can sustain life for another day is fair game. So we can only imagine what those Israelites who had wandered in the desert might have been thinking when Moses and Aaron delivered these directives to them. 

 

Perhaps a recent finding by Duke University gut-brain neuroscientist Diego Bohórquez, provides some clues.  He found that some enteroendocrine cells also make physical contact with the enteric nervous system, forming synapses with nerves. This revelation opens the door to rethinking how we might affect these signals — and might someday change how we treat conditions as varied as obesity, anorexia, irritable bowel syndrome, autism and PTSD.

 

If you were asked where the human body’s nervous system is located, you’d probably answer “the brain” or “the spinal cord.” But besides the central nervous system, which consists of those two organs, our bodies also contain the enteric nervous system, a two-layer lining with more than 100 million nerve cells that spans our guts from the esophagus to the rectum. The enteric nervous system has been called “the second brain,” and it’s in constant contact with the one in our skull. That’s why just thinking about food can lead your stomach to start secreting enzymes, or why giving a speech can lead to your feeling queasy. 

A number of diseases — autism, obesity, anorexia, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, PTSD and chronic stress — share a symptom known as altered visceral sensing, or a hyper- or hyposensitivity to gut stimuli. “For instance, clinical observations have suggested that some children with anorexia may be hyper-aware of the food they ingest from an early age,” says Bohórquez. “Under normal circumstances, this process happens without detailed spatial and temporal awareness, but those children can feel what’s going on in there, which triggers anxious feelings.” With this knowledge, scientists may better understand other disorders that have been thought to be solely psychological.

Everybody eats. Eating options inherently vary by culture, religion, region, and personal tastes. With such varied options, many people can be bombarded and end up making poor and costly decisions. 

Food-related diseases are rampant in America. Thirty million people suffer from diabetes, while 40% of the adult population struggles with obesity. Choosing the right food and diet can help combat these diseases.

 Perhaps that is what could not be disclosed by Moses in Leviticus 11? Even as they were leading the Israelites to the Land of Milk and Honey, Moses and Aaron often met with dissension. Much of it was over the quality and variety of the food they had left behind in Egypt when they elected to journey to the Promised Land. Trying to explain to this hard-headed bunch the specific reasons why certain foods promoted wellness and fervor while others might diminish their ability to fight off disease and their enemies, would have been a lost cause.